Accessory extraocular muscle.

Extraocular muscles and their relationship to the accessory abducens nucleus in rats as studied by the horseradish peroxidase method.

1) Studies were made of the accessory abducens nucleus and its relationship to the extraocular muscles besides the retractor bulbi muscles in the rat. 2) All the extraocular muscles had nerve fiber connections from the accessory abducens nucleus besides the retractor bulbi muscles. 3) The relationship between the accessory facial nucleus and accessory abducens nucleus was investigated. The acce...

The sparing of extraocular muscle in dystrophinopathy is lost in mice lacking utrophin and dystrophin.

The extraocular muscles are one of few skeletal muscles that are structurally and functionally intact in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Little is known about the mechanisms responsible for differential sparing or targeting of muscle groups in neuromuscular disease. One hypothesis is that constitutive or adaptive properties of the unique extraocular muscle phenotype may underlie their protection i...

Histopathologic Changes of Extraocular Mus-cle Fibers after Injection of Botulinum Toxin

Background: Use of botulinum toxin is becoming a popular way in treatment of some forms of strabismus.To evaluate the morphological changes in the orbital surface layer muscles of the rabbit eye following a single injection of botulinum toxin. Methods: 10 white Dutch rabbits weighing 2–3 kg received either 10 units (group 1; n=5) or 20 units (group 2; n=5) of botulinum toxin into the superior r...

Retracting globe: enophthalmos and retraction due to an accessory extraocular muscle.

Accessory lateral rectus orbital geometry in normal and naturally strabismic monkeys.

We conducted anatomic dissections of macaque monkey orbits and made a quantitative assessment of the orbital geometry of the accessory lateral rectus muscle. Our results show that the expected effect of this muscle on rotations of the globe is to produce elevation and abduction. The abducting component could counteract nasal drifts, and thus our findings provide support for the hypothesis that ...

Dynamic Imaging of the Eye, Optic Nerve, and Extraocular Muscles With Golden Angle Radial MRI

Purpose The eye and its accessory structures, the optic nerve and the extraocular muscles, form a complex dynamic system. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of this system in motion can have substantial benefits in understanding oculomotor functioning in health and disease, but has been restricted to date to imaging of static gazes only. The purpose of this work was to develop a technique...